Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Investigation into wires and resistance Essay

The second two were done using two digital Multimeters so presumably the results on the second two tables are more accurate. Test 1 ammeter/voltmeter: Length of constantan (cm) Potential difference (volts) Current (amps) Resistance (ohms) Ammeter/voltmeter repeat: Length of constantan (cm) Potential difference (volts) Current (amps) Resistance (ohms) Multimeter Test1 Length of constantan (cm) Potential difference (volts) Current (amps) Resistance (ohms)Â   Multimeter repeat: Length of constantan (cm) Potential difference (volts) Current (amps). Resistance (ohms) 1Average resistance over all four tests: Length (cm) Potential Difference (volts) Current (amps) Resistance (ohms). Constantan theory resistances: Using the formula R=E(L/A) I have gathered the exact resistance of a length of SWG24 constantan regardless of any connections or battery faults: Length (m) Resistance (ohms) And this table shows the results of the computer simulation (the computer simulation incorporates the resistance of the connecting wires into the resistance): Length of constantan (cm) Potential difference (volts) Current (amps) Resistance (ohms). We measured the resistance at 0 cm to be 0. 35 ohms. However this cannot possibly be true because the average at 10cm was 0. 2015 and the resistance Analysis This is the average power (IV) plotted against the average resistance: This shows that as the length of the constantan increases more power is required to drive the electricity through the wires and at the same time there is also more opportunity for the power to dissipate as heat and light. This possess is used to good effect in electric fire elements where the wire is coiled to add greater length. My average results of our tests: The results from the preliminary computer tests: Conclusion: From my results and the computer graphs, I can see that the ratio between the length of the wire and its resistance is virtually linear and the theoretical resistance is exactly linier. This makes sense because the constantan wire is of uniform thickness. The resistance on my tests isn’t perfect and this is probably because of the heating effect as explained earlier. Two things that we can see from this graph are that neither the voltage nor the current are linear. This is because the capacity of the batteries are finite and therefore, as the resistance increases to infinity; the current and voltage will level to the capacity of the battery, curving the graph. Still, you wouldn’t expect the voltage or to be linier in a circuit like this because of the internal properties of the batteries and the heating effect of the circuit. Another thing we can see is that as the resistance decreases to zero the current and voltage will decrease to zero. However because the circuit will have it’s own fixed internal resistance including: The battery, the meters, the circuit wires, the contacts etc a theoretical zero resistance is not possible in this circuit. Also as the length of wire decreases to zero the results will become less accurate as the external resistances (mentioned above) become more significant and the temperature rises in the wire are more significant. For example if the internal resistance of the circuit we used totaled 3 ohms and we were testing 0. 001 cm of constantan equaling 0.001958 (if R=E*(L/A) is true) then the total resistance is 3. 001958 ohms, which is way off the actual total. And as you make the circuit smaller there is less resistance so the current is higher meaning that more heat is generated. My resistance results on my hand drawn graph are very nearly linear and that supports my prediction that if you increase the length of wire then the resistance increases. As shown, the line of R=E*(L/A) is linear and if you add the internal resistance of the rest of the circuit to that, it is still linear, but appears lower on the graph. If you take a point on the linear theory line and double its values then those values are true, meaning that in the lines formula X is directly proportionate to Y (this is safe to assume as there are no outside interferences i. e. battery, wires etc only the length and diameter of the constantan). The same is almost true (although shouldn’t be) for my total resistance average line. However, you cannot take the values of a point on the computer line, double them and expect them to be true. This shows that for this line X isn’t directly proportionate to Y but is R=E*(L/A)+the internal resistance of the rest of the circuit. Evaluation Comparing my results to the computer generated ones; I’d say that the experiment went quite well. Although some off connections in our circuit were slightly rusty and damaged the results show that it wasn’t too much of a problem. The range of results obtained was sufficient to form good averages which were comparable to the results obtained from the computer and the results generated by R=E*(L/A), and the results supported my prediction. I believe the results to be accurate because they are fairly consistent with each other. For example on the multimeter test at 50cm the resistance was 0. 9375 ohms and on the repeat I got 0. 88 ohms. This means that there was only a 0. 0575 ohm difference between them. However the results obtained from the voltmeter/ammeter tests were less accurate as it is very hard to read off them to more that 2dp. One strange thing with the results I obtained was that the resistance was much lower than I expected. This is shown by the graph. I would have expected the line to be closer to the computer simulation than the R=E*L/A line because R=E*L/A doesn’t account for resistance where as the computer simulation does. My experiment certainly had resistance in the circuit and yet my experiments line falls almost on top of the one that doesn’t. There are a few ways to explain this. The current in the simulation was lower than the current in real life, the internal resistance of the circuit was very low (which I find hard to believe) or the measurements weren’t accurate enough, either way there is no definite answer. Also on my hand drawn graph there are 3 obvious anomalous results, which didn’t fall on the line of best fit. They are likely to have been caused by poorer measurement, kinks in the wire or a bad connection (more sources of error have already been stated in the plan). However, I think that the evidence is still sufficient to support the conclusion. The way we set up and conducted the experiment was the standard however if I was to do repeat he investigation I would use much shorter circuit wires and use better connections to minimise circuit resistance. It might also be a good idea to use a rectifier instead of batteries so that draining power isn’t an issue. You could also extend the investigation by measuring other variables such as temperature and wire diameter. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Egyptian Culture Essay

The Culture of Egypt is one of the most ancient cultures and has five thousand years of history. It can be said that it is one of the richest cultures of the world as ancient Egypt was among the earliest civilizations. Egyptian culture is known to have a significant influence on other cultures such as Europe, the Middle East and Africa. However, soon after the Pharaonic era, Egypt came under the influence of Hellenism, then Christianity, and later, Arab and Islamic culture. Modern Egypt continues to have the ancient Egypt’s culture including the influence of modern Western culture, itself with roots in Ancient Egypt (Wikipedia n. ag, 2007). Ancient Egyptian In the ancient Egyptian culture religion played a very important role. In fact without the ancient Egyptian Religion, there would perhaps not much reason for today’s increasing tourism. The great Pyramids of Egypt’s are a major attraction. These huge structures would not exist, nor the fabulous temples, the tombs on the West Bank of Thebes and their mummies, or the colorful decorations on these structures that have attracted travelers to Egypt over the past three thousand years or more. Behind every aspect of Egyptian life, as well as the art, and the cultural accomplishments it is important to understand the religious forces that formed the cultural aspects of ancient Egypt. Religion The spiritual or the religious world that was formed by the ancient Egyptians was a richly fascinating one which remains unique in the history of human religion. Although Egyptian religion was often covered in layers of myth and ritual, it on the other hand permeated the ancient civilization of the Nile and eventually shaped, sustained and directed Egyptian culture in almost every way. In fact if we look at the ancient history, people were more worried of the afterlife than the day to day life. Egyptians believed that they could enjoy life after death that made them to prepare for their death and burial. For instance, they construct pyramids and tombs for kings and queens. Other Egyptians had similar tombs. Additionally, it was very important in order to have a good afterlife for one to not only worship the Egyptian gods, but also live by a rules and regulations that would be judged after death. Ancient Egyptians also believed that the bodies of the dead had to be preserved for the next life and so they mummified the bodies. Even though there was a substantial amount of stability between various areas of Egypt and over the religion’s long existence, there were several changes over the past years and changes in the theology. For instance, while some 1,500 gods and goddesses are known by name from ancient Egypt, many of them were not worshipped at any one time or in any one place. As a result it is possible for one to observe variations over the years and cultural differences. Eventually, several changes took place in the religious aspects. For example, the burial practices of the Egyptians, which were definitely affected by their religious ideologies, went from simple mastabas in the very early periods and during the Predynastic Period, to monumental pyramids during the Old and Middle Kingdoms. This tradition of pyramids and tombs reduced preferring instead to have hidden tombs with no superstructures at all. Perhaps part of the reason for this was the security of the tomb and its content of valuables, though it did not do much to stop the tomb robbers. Another reason behind this was the Egyptian religion’s movement towards Osiris. The god Osiris also seems accountable for another major change in Egyptian religion through its long history along with the popularity it gained. Osiris was a democratic god who without a doubt became more and more popular because the theology surrounding him allowed even common Egyptians the chance of immortality after their death. Believes and Values There are certain beliefs and rituals that still remained. For instance, there seems to have always been a sun god from the earliest of times, however his worship too changed over time, and sometimes significantly. The sun god Re was worshipped at Egypt’s earliest shrines and his worship most likely reached a high point during the late Old Kingdom, when kings not only built their pyramids, but also specialized temples to worship the sun god. Additionally, the rituals main part was the offerings, but there were certainly numerous other rituals, together with many daily functions such as washing and clothing the gods. There are a few rituals that were major celebrations, for example, the statue of one god might be taken to visit the cult center of another. The advantage with this system was that it was mostly during these festivals that common Egyptians probably came closest to their gods, since at other times they were forbidden from the sanctuaries that housed the cult statues. A value system in the Egyptian culture formed a great part as it is even almost the same way that it is today. It can be said that most of the value systems present today in the modern day is adopted form the ancient Egyptian culture. Undoubtedly, the value system had both a secular and religious side. In terms of religious believe, as in many religions today, each person was judged upon death for his or her actions during life, and either condemned to be a member of the damned or the blessed (Watson n. pag). Another aspect of the culture comes with the style of traditions. For instance, the ancient Egyptians were the first civilization to regard marriage as a legal relationship. Marriage in ancient Egypt was a religious obligation. The ancient Egyptian laws prepared the marriage relationship and indicated all rights and duties for the couples. Many of the old marriage contracts have been found, and they were registered and signed by three officers. These ancient Egyptian laws gave the right of divorce to women as well as men, and the wife had great respect and a high degree of prestige (El-Bialy n. pag, 2003). Even today these cultures have been adopted by many other cultures. Egyptology In the recent years, the Egyptian culture has had a great impact on the archaeology and the study of Egypt’s ancient heritage. The field of Egyptology has itself become a major scientific subject of great interest in Egypt and also around the world. It began in Arab Egypt during the Middle Ages, but was later led by Europeans and Westerners in modern times. However in the recent decades the study of Egyptology, has been taken up by Egyptian archaeologists such as Zahi Hawass and the Supreme Council of Antiquities he leads. With the discovery of the Rosetta Stone (a tablet written in ancient Greek) Egyptian Demotic script, and Egyptian hieroglyphs, has in part been credited for the recent stir in the study of Ancient Egypt. Greek which is a well known language, gave linguists the capability to decode the mysterious Egyptian hieroglyphic language. The ability to decode hieroglyphics facilitated the translation of hundreds of the texts and inscriptions that were earlier impossible to read, giving insight into Egyptian culture that would have otherwise been lost to the ages. This stone was discovered on July 15, 1799 in the port town of Rosetta, Egypt, and has been held in the British Museum since 1802 (Wikipedia n. pag, 2007). Economics Today, the major economic activities of Egypt depend on agriculture, mining, manufacturing, transportation and communication and others. Tourism is a major source of revenue today. Ancient Egyptian farmers relied on the annual floods of the Nile River to irrigate their fields and renew their top soil. Conclusion Finally, it can be said that the rich Egyptian culture has an impact on the various modern day cultures. It was the birth place of one of the world’s first civilizations which arose about 5000 years ago. Egyptians developed one of the first religions to emphasize life after death. Besides, they also build many cities where many skilled architects, doctors, engineers, painters, and sculptors worked. Islam is the official religion of Egypt as about 90 % of them are Muslims. Tourists from all parts of the world travel to Egypt to see such wonders as Great Sphinx, an enormous pyramids etc. For people throughout Egypt, the beliefs and traditions of Islam form a unifying bond. In fact it is one of the richest cultures in the world.

Monday, July 29, 2019

A Drug Induced Psychosis Health And Social Care Essay

A Drug Induced Psychosis Health And Social Care Essay Within this Independent study drug induced psychosis will be looked at. Within the first two pages a definition will be given as well as a brief history. This will be followed by a discussion on drug induced psychosis how individual is a affected and what is the cause. The author will then look at the drugs and how they affect people mentally and physically as well as how they affect the brain. When the final few pages it the author will look at the evidence and literature available for drug induced psychosis before then commenting on personal recommendations and the conclusion of all findings. The rationale behind choosing this topic was simply that more and more people through subculture and their own vulnerabilities are accepting of drug however through their own naivetà © and lack of understanding are consequences he consequences and consequences Definition According to Mosby (2009), drug induced psychosis is a psychotic state caused by an excessive dose of both illegal and the rapeutic drugs. This is supported by the West Australian Department of Health [WADOH](2009) who defines stimulant-induced psychosis, as an episode where the use of a legal or illicit drug has caused a psychiatric illness where the reality of the patient is impaired. The impairment of the patient can also include hallucinations or delusions, which can cause additional communication problems or social interaction difficulties. The drug induced psychosis according to WADOH (2009) may also be as a result of the overuse or abuse of prescription medication, or the outcome of a history of illicit drug abuse. Brief history Razool (1998) describes the historical evidence for substance abuse dating back thousands of years. Tobacco, alcohol and other psychoactive drugs have bee used by different societies for medical, religious, cultural and religious purposes and acts as a social lubricant. Today there is no lack of interest in the use of psychoactive substances and plants. Alcohol and drug u se remain part of the social and psychological fabrics of our society and are now regarded as a public health problem. Attitudes towards drug use have changed during various stages historically and even with harsh laws, there still remains problems in society where drug education and drug treatment is required by society (Razool, 2008). Tea, coffee and tobacco have all been illegal in Britain at some stage (Whitaker, 1987 cited by Razzol, 2008). Alcohol and drug use can cause a host of physical, social, psychological and economic harm, not only to the individual, but also to the family and the wider community. If the individual has previously had psychosis the use of drugs or alcohol can increase the likelihood of another psychotic event. This is due to the fact that the individual can become emotionally unstable, due to their drug use along with their loss of cognitive processing and therefore, inhibits the chemical balance of the brain (Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, 2009). Within this section use critical analysis and relevant referencing to show a lack of information provided and the difficulty clinical nurses face while battling this. Drug induced psychosis

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Social & Community Development Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Social & Community Development Research - Essay Example The option of having alternative education programs for prospective delinquent children is something I admire. It was no difficult task choosing my area of research seeing that it has been aptly covered by Cox among other researchers. The research by this particular writer is a bonus for me as it provides a foundation stone for my future research interests. Perhaps the reason for my personal interest in this research area is because I lost an elder brother to jail for delinquency; something that could have been prevented early enough. While searching for this journal, I first developed a search strategy that was very useful in identifying this research. To start with, I first defined the topic that I wanted to cover, or rather my research interest. As stated earlier, my interest in research is in child delinquency. A practical solution to child delinquency is the establishment of alternative schools. In so doing, I came up with the keywords ‘child delinquency’ and ‘alternative schools’. To make my search more wide and varied, I included the keyword ‘assess*’. The asterisk at the end of the word assess was intentional to make the search pick up variations such as ‘assessed’ and ‘assessment’. Since the three concepts, assess, child delinquency and alternative schools are related I used the conjunction ‘and’ between them to ensure the search gave results that had all the three concepts. The work of Cox particularly interested me because of the number of reviews that it had attracted (Conley, 2002, pp. 142). Moreover, the researcher has been involved in other remarkable researches. In particular, his assessment of delinquency related outcomes of alternative education programs stood out because it covered the same field that I was venturing in. The fact that Cox has published those many times (Korn, 1991, pp. 75) makes him an ideal reference point in doing my future research. The main

Dances of the renaissance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dances of the renaissance - Essay Example The dance music of the Renaissance was written for instruments such as the sackbut, lute, viol, pipe and the tabor. Some of the most popular ones are discussed below. An allemande literally means ‘German’ and it was one of the most popular instrumental dance forms in Baroque music, and a standard element of a suite. The allemande originated in the Renaissance period as a duple meter dance of moderate tempo, derived from dances supposed to be favored in Germany at the time and was performed in 4/4 time. Originally, the allemande formed the first movement of the suite, before the courante. The basse danse literally means ‘low dance’ and it was the most popular court dance in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. Basse danse music is always in 6/4 and in performance, 3 or 4 instrumentalists would improvise the polyphony based on this tenor. Basse danse is slow and processional, and is played with a constant speed throughout. It begins with a reverence and so there is usually no need to play any introductory bars before beginning the music, although a drumbeat or two may help. The basse danse later led to the development of the pavane. A branle is a 16th century French dance style which moves mainly from side to side, and is performed by couples in either a line or a circle and was mainly performed by commoners. Branle music is often in 4/4, although can be found in 2/4 and even with variations in timing between the bars. Branles don’t start with a reverence, and so a few introductory bars of music are usually required to get the dancers moving. According to Arbeau, every ball began with the same four branles. The Double Branle has a simple form involving two phrases of two bars each. The Single Branle, however, consists of a phrase of two bars, followed by a phrase of one bar and appears in numerous places. Likewise the Gay Branle consists of two

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Business School Networking Refelction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business School Networking Refelction - Essay Example I conducted my research prior to attending the simulation. I checked the websites about networking simulations. I also managed to play one of the online networking simulations prior to this one. This helped me prepare well before the actual test. I wrote my weaknesses from the prior simulation and tried to work on them before we went for the class simulation. During the conversation I was able to interact with Mr. Schiff managing Director of BIDCO Company. He told me that networking is not about whom you are but what people say you are. Our tutor Mr. Tom also told me that networking is critical and building relationships is the catalyst for a successful business. In addition to this, my friend Claire told me that if I was to succeed I would need to continually connect with new people and cultivate emerging relationships and leverage my network. I took all these conversations as very important. During this time I built my confidence and gained courage in the field of business. In the end I learnt that networking is all about cultivating a win-win situation by accelerating professional development and seeking new career

Friday, July 26, 2019

To what extent to risk ,rewards and motives contribute towards an Essay

To what extent to risk ,rewards and motives contribute towards an entrepreneurs goals - Essay Example In the current era it can be seen it is mostly the motive of growth that is followed. However, such long-term visions or motives cannot be shared at lower level of the organization. Therefore, long-terms objectives are divided into small achievable tasks and goals in order to bring in a sense of achievement. Thus, in order to keep the employees motivated rewards are offered at the completion of the goals assigned, both at an individual and team level (Joanne, et al., 2013). Reward systems hold a strategic importance for an organization. Human resource being an important contributor in the operations and success of the organization often requires some risks to be taken in order to grow, especially entrepreneurs that try to excel with limited resources. Thus strategic management of all these factors risks, rewards and motives is very important for the success and growth of an organization. Contribution of risks in achievement of goals Every project, action or the decision that the mana gement would take definitely has associated intrinsic and extrinsic risks. With growing business competition and globalization of economies the risks are increasing, not only the larger organizations but also for SMEs and entrepreneurs. It is often said â€Å"high risk high return, low risk low return†. Thus, in order to increase profits and operations of a business, entrepreneurs take risks. The important thing is how these risks are managed. Risk management today has become a critical part of the strategic management of an organization. It allows the identification of the risks and events that can hamper the proceedings of the project, as per planning. It even doesn’t allow its successful completion (John, et al., 2005). Identification of risks allows, in advance, to take precautionary measures. Hence, it gives the control to management to exploit the situation. This further gives an advantage to the organization. It is the strength of the strategic management that c an make the risk to be the critical contributing sector in success of the organization; rather than a diminishing factor that would curtail the progress of the organization. Example of a multinational organization such as Walmart can be taken. Walmart used expansion as the growth strategy. They expanded into new markets facing new and extended risks. Pre-identification and analysis of such risks allowed them to exploit the events in their resources, as risk management had given them the opportunity to make better decisions and allowed them optimum use of their resources. Rewards and Motivation Reward and recognition system holds a critical importance in the human resource management of the organization. Employees or personnel are a major factor that decide the output, productivity and growth of the organization. They are the ones who would be converting the ideas and decisions of the management into actions. Management often splits their long-term objectives into short-terms goals a nd assigns tasks to each employee, individually or as a team. However these are the organizational goals that the employees are working for and they might be different than that of personal goals of an employee. It is the responsibility of the management to align the organizational goals with the employee. Hence, they should work for the benefits of both. It can be said that money is a motivational factor. As per Maslow’s need hierarchy theory, it satisfies the basic needs of an individual. However besides rewards, recognition is

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Should the drinking age be lowered from 21 to a younger age Essay

Should the drinking age be lowered from 21 to a younger age - Essay Example As a highly controversial issue, it has both positive and negative sides if the drinking age is lowered. Researches have documented the fact that alcohol abuse is the one of the major problems among the adults. It has paved the way for various problems such as increasing of alcohol related crime and antisocial activities, traffic violation resulting in accidents, health problems, socio-economic disturbance etc. Lowering of drinking age is acceptable only under strict legal supervisions. The problem mainly relate to adult people who are subjected to crucial physiological and psychological changes. Lowering of minimum drinking age from 21 to younger age will entail severe social and health problems among the youth and it needs effective legal monitoring to ensure its positive results. While in any other issue, in the context of lowering of drinking age also there are two groups of people. One group supports the lowering of drinking age from 21 and the other who does not want to lower this age. Each of these groups has their own opinion to support their stand and to oppose the other view. Even at this stage, when the legal drinking age is 21, teenagers do drink under less restricted surroundings causing them to indulge in life threatening behaviors. The age of 18 bring youngsters the civil rights and entitle them to vote, get wedded, sign bonds, join the armed forces, etc. which show their accountability towards their life and death. So, this age is important for them to make their own decisions regarding drinking habits also. Richard Wilson and Cheryl A. Kolander comment that; â€Å"This movement was also supported by the state of the art in prevention at that time, which suggested that keeping alcohol consumption forbidden to those younger than age 21 created an aura of â€Å"forbidden fruit† that made alcohol even more appealing as a symbol of adulthood and created much more destructive drinking practices on the part of the

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Summary and response Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Summary and response - Assignment Example But your own argument has to identify the â€Å"they say† you are referring to make it clear to the audience (Graff & Birkenstein 43). Although we agree that you shouldn’t keep the readers in suspense for too long about your central argument, you also need to present that claim as part of some larger conversation. When responding to argumentative writing, it is often best to agree and disagree simultaneously. This allows you to avoid simple yes or no response and therefore present a more complicated argument. One can use templates to assist him in writing as they help one become more creative and original and I think it also provides a sense of direction too (Graff & Birkenstein 70). In â€Å"Her Point Is† Summarizing refers to any information from others that you present in your own words, including that which you paraphrase. It points out that a good summary requires balancing what the original author is saying with the writer’s own focus. One has to incorporate both the original author’s views and also give his or her own side of the coin. In summary writing you put yourself in someone else’s shoes send join in the conversation whether you are agreeing or disagreeing with the conversation. Just like how actors must convincingly become characters who in real life they detest. But the writer has to be cautious not to be carried away by his own influence and end changing the whole meaning and intent of the original text. In other words during summary, reflect both the source you are summarizing and add your own views (Graff & Birkenstein 115). However, the writer may decide to deliberately give his or her own spin to someone else’s argument in order to reveal a shortcoming in and this is referred to as Satirical Summary. The other may disagree or agree with the author or at times do

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Long-term exposure to fine particulate and health Research Proposal

Long-term exposure to fine particulate and health - Research Proposal Example There are various crucial problems that might arise due to the occurrence of dust storms. One of the imperative problems related with the occurrence of dust storms is the increased level of traffic accidents (Akbari, â€Å"Dust storms, Sources in the Middle East and Economic Model for Survey It s Impacts†). Furthermore, the other problems include diminished soil fertility, damage to crops as well as telecommunication systems, lessening of solar radiation, increased air pollution and most significantly augmented respiratory or cardiovascular diseases (Kutiel and Furman, â€Å"Dust Storms in the Middle East: Sources of Origin and their Temporal Characteristics†). In relation to the incident of dust storms, it has been viewed that dust storms are regarded to be one of the major kinds of tropospheric aerosol which significantly affects both terrestrial as well as solar radiation (Washington, Todd, Middleton and Goudie, â€Å"Dust-Storm Source Areas Determined by the Total Ozone Monitoring Spectrometer and Surface Observations†). Moreover, dust storms are also considered to be a natural risk that can broadly affect the daily life of an individual by a considerable level. With regard to the short-term impact of the dust storms, in recent times a large proportion of respiratory problems and asthmatics have been observed in certain parts of Saudi Arabia. The region experienced the occurrence of a strong dust storm in the year 2009 that severely affected the air quality as well as visibility and caused significant damages to several buildings and power poles (Maghrabi, Alharbi and Tapper, â€Å"Impact Of the March 2009 dust event in Saudi Arabia on aerosol optical Properties, Meteorological Parameters, Sky temperature and emissivity†). This particular proposed research focuses upon the interrelation between long-term exposure to fine particulate from dust storms and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. In relation to the problem statemen t, it can be affirmed that the fine particulate emerging from the incidence of dust storms ultimately gives rise to increased level of air pollution which in turn results in cardiovascular diseases in Saudi Arabia. The chief reasons for occurrence of dust storms and augmented level of cardiovascular diseases especially in the region of Saudi Arabia include lack of suitable plant coverage, reduction in air humidity as well as precipitation, destruction of the forest areas and varying air pressure. Moreover, the other important reasons comprise incessant climate change, existence of large number of deserts and differences in the levels of rainfall. These major reasons ultimately create dust storms which in turn results in occurrence of traffic accidents and environmental problems in Saudi Arabia (Maghrabi, Alharbi and Tapper, â€Å"Impact Of the March 2009 dust event in Saudi Arabia on aerosol optical Properties, Meteorological Parameters, Sky temperature and emissivity†). 2. L iterature Review According to Al-Dabbas, Abbas and Al-Khafaji, dust storms are persistent problems in Saudi Arabia. These dust storms impose adverse effect upon the heath of human life that can cause various severe diseases such as asthma, bronchitis and lung as well as cardiovascular diseases by a significant level due to its carrying of fine sharp edged particles and micro-organisms.

African American Population Essay Example for Free

African American Population Essay At the beginning of each decade in the United States a census is taken to determine the population (Gale, 2008). While the 2000 census states that the African American population makes up 13% of the American population. And predicts it will stay the same percentage until the year 2050. The African American population will reproduce and contribute to the world as other majority and minority groups. So why wouldnt this group grow as a population. African American Growth The African American population has been growing in America since they were involuntarily brought here. From 1492 to 1820 the African American population grew to 9. 5 million in the west alone (POPULATION, 2000). In 1900, there were 8. 8 million African Americans in the United States, representing 11. 6% of the total population. Between 1910 and 1930, the African American population percentage declined, reaching a low point in 1930 when the population was only 9. 7% of the United States population (Gale, 2008). Since 1930, the African American population has grown at a faster rate than national averages (POPULATION, 2000). Over four centuries the African American population has become less rural and concentrated than it was in the nineteenth century (POPULATION, 2000). African Americans do not have to endure slavery. The group has also gained the same rights as other minority and majority groups. The United States Department of Commerce The Department of Commerce expects growth in the Black population. The United States Department of Commerce expects the Black population to make up 16 percent on the American population, by the year 2050 (Black Collegian, 2002). The Department Economic and Statistic Administration will examine effect of the 2010 census and the black population. The Administration will concentrate on the finances of the Black population and any other new aspects to review. The census Bureau The 2000 census states that the African American population makes up 13 percent of the American population (U. S. Census Bureau, 2000). The census also predicts that the African American population will continue to make up only 13 percent in the year 2050 (Census, 2000). The Almanac suggests that African American are ranking lower than any other group in all categories. The almanac reference income gaps between African Americans and other races. The Black, American Indian and Alaskan Native, and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander populations are expected to maintain their shares of the population in all series (U. S. Census Bureau, 2008 and 2009). A population that is having children and playing a major to the world as all other populations cannot stay the same for a period of 50 years. The encyclopedia of population stated that African American population growth increases much faster than statistics assume. The Department of Commerce predicts the African American population will rise to 16 percent in the year 2050. While the Census Bureau predicts that there will be no increase in the African American population in the year 2050 with out giving details of why this prediction is accurate. African American have endured a great struggle in America. They have over came many obstacles and they will overcome this one also. References POPULATION. (2000). In Encyclopedia of the United States in the Nineteenth Century. Retrieved from http://www. credoreference. com/entry/galeus/populationSmith, M. (2001). Ed. ). (1993). Black Collegian. [University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-Text]. : . Retrieved March 31, 2010Year, from com220. Encyclopedia of population (Ed. ). (2003). African American population History. [University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-Text]. : . Retrieved March 26, 2010Year, from com220. Boyle, K. (2010). The Promise land: The making of African America. Retrived from New York Times book review. Table 1 Type the table text here in italics; start a new page for each table [Insert table here] Figure Captions Figure 1. Caption of figure [Figures – note that this page does not have the manuscript header and page number].

Monday, July 22, 2019

Football Essay Essay Example for Free

Football Essay Essay Football is a complex sport with many specifications, and although millions of people watch football, not all of them understand what is truly â€Å"behind the scenes† of each game. When thinking of a football game normally the different teams come to mind or a particular athlete stands out, but football is much more than that. There are more people than just the athletes that are involved with a football game, including the coaches of the teams, referees who call the shots, trainers who build up the athletes’ skill levels, and last the fans who support the teams. Each player is equipped with a type of â€Å"armor† they must wear to protect themselves. The rules of the game can be hard to comprehend until you become physically involved in a football match, but reading the rules may give a decent understanding of how football is played. Although football may be one of the most highly watched sports, there is more to the game than just the flashy jerseys and the bulky player. Who makes up a football team? There are exactly eleven players to a team. Each athlete has a designated position to participate in. Football does not just consist of the players in the game, but also the coaches, referees, the trainers and every single die-hard fan. Coaches assist the athletes in giving them adequate plays to score touchdowns; they push each athlete to their breaking point, because they know that each of them is capable of so much more. Even sometimes coaches are mentors to the rookie athletes, who later on become legends in football. Referees are there to make sure all of the rules are followed and to call out penalties when one of the rules has been broken. Theses game officials, the men on the field we all love to hate, but without these keepers of the rules, a football game could not progress with any sort of structure or sanity. Die-hard fans of football; watch, eat, sleep and live football as a religion, has a designated team or teams that they support and encourage. Fans are a ginormous part of the support the athletes receive. Football Trainers provide the athletes with the experience to preform adequately, medical assistance when injured and the rehabilitation to create star athletes. The over-all support from the individuals’ assistance constructs an athlete. Aside from the people involved in football, it is all too easy to mistakenly think of football as a game of athletics, and nothing more. Football actually encompasses a challenging mental game, paired with strategy and athleticism in order to secure a win. Before you head out to the field, preparing with and without your equipment will help you gear up for a more successful game. Athletes are protected with a type of armor. Football is classified as a contact sport, but it has been more accurately described as a collision sport. Consisting of; shoulder pads, helmet, face mask, chin strap, mouth guard, leg pads and cleats. Every article helps protect the athlete from getting injured. Shoulder pads are one of the most important pieces of equipment, because they allow you to tackle, block and run the football with a reduced risk for injury. As for the helmet attached with a chinstrap and facemask, it is made of hard plastic with foam pads inside to protect the head. Players are not supposed to hit opponents in the head, but the helmet is necessary because players often take shots to the head because the game is played at such a fast pace and players get hit in the head unintentionally. Mouth guards that the players wear can help prevent dental damage, and thigh pads are designed to protect the thigh or quadriceps area on the front of the upper leg, which help players who are frequently tackled and also hip pads are worn as part of a girdle under the pants or they can be attached to the pants with a belt. Linemen often prefer high-top cleats, to give them extra support and stability, while high performance players, such as wide receivers, running backs and defensive backs, will often wear low-cut cleats that are lightweight and allow for more maneuverability. All of this equipment is essential to how football is played. A game starts with the kickoff, the ball is placed on a kicking tee at the defenses thirty-yard line, and a placekicker kicks the ball to the offense. A kick returned to a man from the offense, tries to catch the ball and advance it by running to where he is positioned at the point from when the offense will begin its drive, or series of offensive plays. When a kickoff is caught in the offenses own end zone, the kick returner can either run the ball out of the end zone, or kneel in the end zone to signal a touchback as a sign to stop the play. The ball is then placed on the 20-yard line, where the offense begins play, a play begins with the snap, at the line of scrimmage, where the play begins, and the quarterback loudly calls out a play in code and the player in front of him. The center passes or snaps the ball under his legs to the quarterback, from there the quarterback can throw the ball, hand it off, or run with it, or the quarterback can sometimes the ball to confuse the defense, anyone on the offensive team is allowed to pass the ball as long as the pass is thrown from behind the line of scrimmage. A pass is complete if the ball is caught by another offensive player, usually the wide receiver or tight end, but if the ball hits the ground before someone catches it, it is called an incomplete pass. The defense prevents the offense from advancing the ball by bringing the ball carrier to the ground. A player is tackled when one or both of his knees touch the ground, then play is then over and also ends when a player runs out of bounds. All progress in a football game is measured in yards, the offensive team tries to get as much yardage as it can to try and move closer to the opponents end zone. Each time the offense gets the ball, it has four downs, or chances, in which to gain ten yards. If the offensive team successfully moves the ball ten or more yards, it earns a first down, and another set of four downs. If the offense fails to gain ten yards, it loses possession of the ball, as the defense tries to prevent the offense not only from scoring, but also from gaining the 10 yards needed for a first down. If the offense reaches fourth down, it usually punts the ball or kicks it away. This forces the other team to begin its drive further down the field, but if the offense cannot score a touchdown, they may try to kick a field goal. Football is a very complicated sport with many simple, but important aspects. For most people who enjoy football, they cannot wait until football season starts. The players on the field are told what to do by the coaches, who call different plays, while performing those plays the athletes use the skills obtained from their trainers. Football is a game of strength, ability, and toughness, for it is a very physical and mentally tough gridiron sport. Wearing the protective gear helps these athletes prevent major injuries during the game. Each piece of equipment provides protection to certain parts of the athlete’s body. The rules of football can be complex to understand right away, but become more easier to comprehend once physically engaged in a game.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Abuse To The Elderly In Society

Abuse To The Elderly In Society Introduction Abuse to the elderly people has been a common practice in most societies in different parts of the world, there is need to stop this trend in line with the protection of human rights. Research has found that a larger percentage of elderly people are abused all over the world. This is attributed to the difficulties that the elderly undergo, ranging from violation of their rights, financial abuse, psychological torture, physical abuse and negligence. The research carried in nursing institutions ranked the nursing homes as the leading places of negligence to the elderly. Majority of elderly people are taken to the nursing homes where they are left without enough care or given last priority in terms of medical needs and the diet. (Daly Coffey, 2010) Generally the state of the elderly people can be very pathetic in modern society due to the increasing economic recession, which is associated with difficulties hence rendering the elderly as an economic burden. This paper deals with different forms of abuse in the modern society that include; violation of their rights, financial abuse, psychological torture, physical abuse, and negligence. (BuÃ…Â ¾govà ¡ Ivanovà ¡, 2009) It also explores various causes of abuse to the elderly people in the society; the specific areas that have been identified include institutional setups, nature of the employment (employee) contract and the specific client characteristics in the case of elderly people being involved in the business enterprises. Literature review In a study that was carried out on elder abuse in long-term care by Garre-Olmo (2009). There were high rates of elderly abuse in the societies living in United States of America. The subsequent study was carried out by it was found out that more than one third of the 577 nursing homes had witnessed elder abuse, with psychological abuse cited as the most prevalent type. The authors concluded that abuse of residents in Nursing homes was sufficiently extensive to merit public concern. From the research work of Garre-Olmo Elderly neglect can be grouped into three main categories which include; The day to day activities (shopping for food or clothing, preparation of meals, carrying out routine housework, traveling or transportation), The Personal care and hygiene such as washing, bathing, dressing, undressing, and eating, Help when it comes to correct dosage and the timing of medication, for those who live alone, or in receipt of elderly services, those with a worsened health status, the elderly men, and divorced women, separated, or lonely. The risk of financial abuse is very high. However, the issue of awareness of elderly abuse amongst the health and the social caregivers has not been properly evaluated. The Nurses knowledge on the topic of elderly abuse was extensively explored by the researchers, who gave the recommendations for the educational extensions on assessment, the legal implications and the availability of possible interventions. Different suggestions on the way the nurses should examine their attitude in relation to the elderly patients. In recent times, the researchers have recommendation for educational measures to help the practitioner identification and management of cases related to elderly abuse. on their McGarry Simpson (2009) research on United Kingdoms GPs indicated that one of the strongest factors that can predict the diagnosis of elderly abuse was the acquisition of knowledge on the risk situations, according to the research above the GPs who frequently read articles with topics on abuse elderly people had the highest preference in d iagnosing elderly abuse as compared to those who did not do the same. In the cases of long-term care, the residents are always in need for assistance in their day to day living activities, therefore in such cases the caregivers are overloaded, the elderly people are then exposed to very abusive situations. In the attempt to understand the causes of elder abuse, the researchers have studied other forms of family violence such as child abuse and spousal abuse. They assert that it is important to differentiate between theories and the risk factors. McGarry Simpson states that, the Risk factors such as stress, is supposed to be considered as a theoretical explanation of the reasons behind elderly abuse, other risk factors include; Trans-generational family violence, Dependency, Psychology of the abuser, and social isolation. Garre-Olmo (2009) Attempted to classify the types of abuse and the risk factors in a detailed manner with reference to the continuum of elderly abuse. The early studies based on caregivers stress as the key issue, the main focus was on the older persons physical and mental difficulties. There is limited evidence that supports the focus on the elderly people who the victims, hence most researchers concentrate on the abuser (perpetrator) The identification of the elderly abuse proves to be difficult for the healthcare Workers. Most of professionals concerned with elderly peoples care giving have expressed the lack of confidence in reporting the abuses. The difficulties have been attributed to the lack of awareness and the difference in the perceptions of concerning the victims(elder abuse).In a specific case in Ireland, the researchers contacted a survey on hospital workers and the doctors on how they understood the phrase elderly abuse, the results implicated that most of the participants felt very uncomfortable with the phrase elder abuse Contrary to this, the social workers were very conversant with the phrase, variation was not taken well by the researchers, it was attributed to the type of training that social workers receive while undergoing their studies at the undergraduate level. Education and training for the Doctors should also include the chronological age structure with the focus on the adult protection. This will be very significant in the efforts to prevent of the elderly abuse. (Ga rre-Olmo) According to, Erlingsson , Carlson , Saveman (2006) it has been found out that in case of the long-term care the main cause of Elderly abuse was due to the lack of awareness amongst the staff who were mostly involved in the verbal abuse by use of certain were abusive words. Despite the efforts which have been input in attempting to improve the awareness on the issue of elderly abuse, the elderly people who reside in the long-term care units are likely to be exposed to more vulnerable situations. Peri, Fanslow, Hand, (2008) extensively carried out their research to examine the knowledge and the perceptions of the staff members working in the long-term care section on what constitutes the act of elderly abuse. In research that was carried out in the Unite States the prevalence figures ranked neglect as the leading form of mistreatment in the with 1.1%, financial abuse followed with (0.7%), the physical and psychological abuse were ranked 3rd with both having 0.4% and the sexual abuse was ranked last with 0.2%. Compared with the surveys done in other countries, the prevalence was lower for all types of abuse, but highest when it came to neglect. This was a reflection of the differences between the USA and the other countries, (Erlingsson, Carlson, Saveman ) Interview In order to find out more insides on the findings that indicate women to be having a long lifespan as compared men and followed by mistreatment, an interview was carried out and Mrs. Jones was the main corresponded, Mrs. Jones is a an Elderly woman who lives in the Caregiver units established by the government. Asked on the above topic, she reported that she had witnessed men aged 75 years and over, she said that these were likely to experience financial abuse as compared men in younger age groups, contrary to this she said that women who were aged 75years and over were more likely to be exposed to negligence. According to her, the prevalence of abuse with the exclusion of negligence, increased with age for men, while it decreased with age for women. Concerning the variation of elderly abuse with various factors she gave the explanation that; Mistreatment varies with the socio-economic position of the elderly majority of those who last worked in semi-routine and full routine jobs who worked for small employers being at higher risk. Overall, those who were living in the rented housing had the highest tendency to be neglected. She had witnessed the highest level of mistreatment by separated or divorced to partners as compared to those who were widowed. However she said that People who were living alone were more likely to experience financial abuse as compared to those living with others. She also said that mistreatment by the health status tends to increase with the declining health status. The level of elderly abuse was highest for people with: a self-reported status of bad or worse health, especially for a limiting long-term kind of illness, and lower living standards. When questioned about the Perpetrators abuse to the elderly she replied that Greater percentages of mistreatment in her past experience mainly involved a partner / spouse, although other family members were involved to a small extent, the care worker followed and close friends being the least implicated. She confirmed that men comprised of the highest percentage in the interpersonal elderly abuse be it physically, psychologically and sexually with women being less abusive. The age structure of most perpetrators tended to be younger especially for those who carried out financial abuse as she compared to those carried out interpersonal abuse. Mrs. Jones emphasized that most of the perpetrators were living in the victims house during the times of abuse When asked on whether she has ever been abused she agreed with the statement that the most commonly effects she felt when abused was emotional with such feelings as anger or upset, and social effects which made her feel cut off from family and friends. On the mode of reporting the incidences of elderly abuse, she said that the majority of the incidents were reported or sought help. However she cited under-estimation because of the conservative nature of the way that was used to measure the kind of mistreatment According to her, the problem of negligence stood out as a predominant type of elderly abuse, followed by the financial abuse. This contrasted to the common assumptions the notion of abuse as only physical violence. She confirmed that the risk factors for negligence included; female gender, aged of 75 years and above, severe suffering or a much deteriorated health status and the likelihood of one being in receipt of, or in close touch with, the services. Concerning the steps that should be taken to alleviate Elderly Abuse she recommended as follows; Rooting out age discrimination, Person centered care, mental health in older people, Legislation has to be introduced in order to extend the regulation to the area of private care units, Access to Care Services should be fair, the criteria for eligibility for adult social care should aimed at the provisions for those who have been assessed to have their basic needs, independence granted, well-being and choice, Emphasis should be on the positive aspects of risk and the importance of personalising care through which people can be more involved in making choices between the type and level of support they need. These developments aim at influencing the background on which abuse is recognized as a very big social problem. Pertaining the role of the government she proposed that, the government department in charge of Health should launch a Dignity campaign in Care, coupled with the dignity tests, championship and a dignity challenge that ensures zero tolerance of all forms of abuse in the provision of services and to ensure that the elderly people feel freely to complain without the fear of retribution. Mrs. Jones pointed out that Psychological abuse in most cases is the worst forms of abuse to elderly , she explained that people who are psychologically abused will report cases that show them having been undermined or belittled; insulted, called bad names or sworn at, the prevention from seeing others; and having been excluded or repeatedly ignored by the caregivers. In the past years these cases of psychological abuse had occurred and in most times involved the same person who was targeted by the abusers. She linked the causes of elderly abuse to institutions, employment (employee) and the specific client characteristics. This implies that there is need for formulation of policies that will act as preventive measures for elderly people especially in residential places. The policies should define who an elderly person is, their basic human needs, who to be in charge of the elderly /caregiver, the qualifications of the care giving institutions in case of an abuse. Discussion The issue of elderly abuse is a very vital, There is need to address it, particularly in the long-term care settings where the elderly. People totally depend on external help and are more vulnerable to abuse. This study ascertains the perceptions that different people take concerning the state of elderly and the associated abuse. Amongst the nurses and social workers who worked in long-term care setups for older people. Most of the staff in the care units doesnt have the basic education which can enable them deal with the elderly abuse and there was a considerable uncertainty on what constitutes elderly abuse. (Daly Coffey) There is need to setup the standards for the providers of care and support services to the elderly people. These standards should be based on key factors such as the risk factors for them to be relevant to the efforts of prevention of the abuses. The significance of partnership working between the hospitals and the social care units, between the social care and the police, the voluntary and independent sectors was a reflection of very successive policy documents. Adults are at the highest risk because they are susceptible to be affected by disability, mental disorders, illness, ageing, the elderly are unable to provide themselves with protection from abuse and are vulnerable to abused than young persons. Abuse therefore should be defined to mean any conduct which can harm or exploit an individual be it physically, psychologically or through actions such as theft, embezzlement, fraud and extortion. (BuÃ…Â ¾govà ¡ Ivanovà ¡) Self-abuse is also a serious issue that should be addressed together with any other conduct which may cause fear, an alarm or a lot of distress. Most of the elderly women who were aged 75 and above experienced the highest risk of interpersonal abuse. While men felt lonely in their old age, however both men and women reported three or more depressive symptoms in association with elderly abuse. The highest rate of interpersonal elderly abuse was reported amongst the women who were separation or divorced with their husbands.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

VPN and RADIUS :: essays research papers

VPN and RADIUS The boom in telecommuting and the need to support more remote workers is making life tough for IT managers. Besides the normal tasks of maintaining remote-access server (RAS) equipment, managers often find their time consumed administering access rights and authentication privileges on several, geographically dispersed remote access servers at the same time. Enter the Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS), a commonly used authentication system. Most remote-access equipment vendors have supported RADIUS in their remote-access ser-vers. Many virtual private networking equipment companies also are supporting the use of a RADIUS server for user authentication. For IT managers, the main attraction of RADIUS is that it allows them to simplify administration of user authentication by maintaining a centralized database of access rights. IT managers who did not have RADIUS have had to maintain access rights on multiple pieces of equipment. This leads to a problem: If someone joins or leaves a company, a manager must add or change access rights for that person on every piece of access equipment. RADIUS avoids such problems. IT managers can use a single RADIUS server to authenticate users dialing into multiple remote-access servers. With RADIUS, IT managers maintain a single authentication database. All users dialing into a network are authenticated against this database. For such centralized authentication to work, a RAS and VPN equipment must securely communicate with a RADIUS server and verify that the user meets certain conditions before allowing the user to gain access to the network. The process of authenticating users is transparent to the user dialing in. The way it works is that a user places a call into a remote-access server and a Point-to-Point Protocol session is initiated. The RAS or VPN takes authentication information, such as a user name and password, and passes this information to the RADIUS server. If the user is in the database and has access privileges to the network, the RADIUS server signals the remote-access server that it is OK to continue the process. At the same time, the RADIUS server also sends what is called profile information about the user to the remote-access server. The profile can include information such as the user's IP address, the maximum amount of time the user can remain connected to the network and the phone number the user is allowed to dial to access the network.

Suicide Essay -- essays research papers

Suicide The natural end of every human life is death. Some people, for reasons that have never been fully understood, choose to end their own lives. This is called suicide, which means literally "self-killing." For all the uncertainty that has surrounded the phenomenon of suicide, his assessment of the problem is probably as accurate as any. The individual, in seemingly hopeless conflict with the world, decides to end his or her existence in what amounts to a final assault against a society that can no longer be tolerated. In so doing, the person tries to obtain a final revenge on everything and everyone that have caused their feelings of depression. Sometimes suicide has been used as a form of execution. Perhaps the most famous such case is that of the philosopher Socrates, who was required to drink hemlock to end his life in 399 BC, after being found guilty of corrupting the youth of Athens. In the 20th century the German general Erwin Rommel took poison rather than be executed for his role in a plot to oust Adolf Hitler from office. In some societies suicide has had social ties. In Japan, for example, the customs and rules of one's class have demanded suicide under certain circumstances. Called seppuku or popularly known as hara-kiri, which means "self-disembowelment" it has long been viewed as an honorable method of taking one's life. It was used by warriors after losing a battle to avoid the dishonor of defeat. Seppuku was also used as a means of c...

Friday, July 19, 2019

Nixon Essay -- essays research papers

Richard Milhous Nixon, the 37th President of the United States of America, was born on January 9, 1913 in Yorba Linda in Southern California to Francis A. and Hannah Milhous Nixon.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nixon had a very rough childhood. Due to the illness of Richard’s brother, his mother was rarely around. Richard’s father was a very loud man who would beat his sons and enjoyed arguing with everyone, especially when it came to politics. Richard had to help out at the family gas station and grocery store while he was a college student. Nixon grew up harboring resentment toward people who were born into families and privileged and could trade on their social connections. Nixon attended Duke University and graduated from law school there. After graduating, Nixon applied to become an agent with the FBI and was rejected. He was also rejected when he applied to various major law firms. Eventually, Nixon found a job in a small law firm in Southern California. Nixon served as a Naval Officer during World War II. Afterward, he began to climb up the political ladder. He began by first serving in the U.S. House of Representatives and then in the Senate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout Nixon’s career, he used smear-politics to gain victory by viciously attacking his opponents. He used the public’s fear of communism during the Cold War years to his advantage by accusing several of his political enemies of being soft on communism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1952, President Eisenhower agreed to allow Nixon to serve as his running mate although he never really liked him. This was because Nixon would help Eisenhower win California. Six weeks before the election, a bombshell was dropped on the campaign. An illegal secret political fund of Nixon’s was discovered and publicized. Although Nixon was encouraged to withdraw from the ticket, he, instead, went on television and delivered a speech not about receiving bribes or money but about a little dog that his daughter had named Checkers. Eisenhower was convinced to keep Nixon on the ticket when he heard of the positive response of the American people to the â€Å"Checkers Speech.† Eisenhower and Nixon later won the 1952 election by a massive landslide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1956, Nixon was, once again, on the Republican ticket as the vice-presidential candidate. During his second term, Nixon became m... ...le from around the globe. These people included every president who was still living. A Eulogy was given by President Clinton in which he dwelled on Nixon’s great accomplishments, particularly in foreign affairs, rather than on his constitutional crimes such as those pertaining to the Watergate scandal. Summary Richard Milhous Nixon’s life started out being kind of tough but he eventually went on to be able to do great things such as becoming the President of the United States of America. Throughout his life, Richard Nixon did many things that were very great and very impressive but he was also responsible for doing many things that were definitely not so great and impressive. Nixon had a very impressive career when it came to foreign affairs but his career was far less impressive when you look at what was happening in the United States. If Nixon hadn’t been quite so paranoid and insecure in his own abilities, he would have made a far better president. After all, it was his paranoia and his insecurities that led him to forming the â€Å"plumbers† and to authorizing the things that ended up going on at the Watergate complex, which eventually led to his resignation from the Presidency.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Human Population Growth as an Environmental Problem

The essay to be assessed in this paper discusses the relationship between the human population growth to environmental problems. The essay argues that human population growth leads to the increase of environmental problems due to the human population’s inability to recognize the importance of the environment. It argues that ‘individual behavior’ is the ‘main cause’ of environmental problems.In order to prove the claim that human population growth and the continuous practice of actions that lead to environmental problems is the main cause of environmental problems; the author of the essay provides examples in which environmental problems are enabled by human actions. For instance, the author points out that human population growth leads to the increased use of air polluting chemicals that further lead to the increase in air pollution.Another instance specified by the author is how environmental degradation [in the form of the degradation of grasslands] is a result of human beings’ desire for profit. The author ends his paper by claiming that in order for environmental problems to be solved, it is necessary that human beings become more aware of how their actions affect the environment.Given the main argument as well as the main points presented in the said essay, it is important to note that although the author is correct in arguing that there is a relationship between human practices as well as human population growth to the environmental problems; the author was unable to specify how population growth affects environmental problems.In order to solve this, the author may have argued that increase in human population leads to the increase in the demand for food, space, water, energy, and other resources (Diamond 494). Such an increase will lead to environmental problems given the scarcity of the current food, space, water, energy etc. resources combined with the current wasteful practices of human beings.Work CitedDiamond, Jared. Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed. New York: Penguin, 2006.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Low Income Students Barriers

RANIA ZOUHAIR SOC 101 clawren living in poverty gravel many a nonher(prenominal) category and community f executeors that Contribute to performing under their potential in literacy movement. This background association and experience of outset-income savants demoralises a literacy achievement bed covering That comp ars their literacy knowledge to that of baberen who do not prevail in poverty. Understanding hearty physique diversity enhances the l pee-peeing of all savants. And categorise differences in squirt-rearing practices may sound fright or oversimplified.Lower- association squirtren be to a greater extent promising to abide unst sufficient family situations. Their heightens typically deem humble-wage jobs and argon more frequently displace off, causing family stress and more whimsical discipline. This paper explains how talking to and attitudes of depressive disorder income families act as barriers to success in education. And what types of archi tectural plans or interventions atomic number 18 most useful in overcoming those barriers. The environment where a child develops has influences on run-in development. Success at enlighten depends rattling heavily on language for reading, writing, speaking and understanding.The children unfastened to extensive verbiage and complex grammatical structures more chop-chop develop language and similarly contrive a more accurate sentence structure than children raised in environments without complex grammar exposed to them. Low income household uses in white-tie, simple language, some whiles ungrammatical and with limited explanation and dictionary which is used amidst friends or family member. impertinent pump class household who uses formal language, when explanation and details are needed and they uses a wider vocabulary They much have had fewer course spoken to them, with shorter utterances.They memorise only the most commonly occurring words. By age 5, the child of a parent who is language focused has heard 50,000,000 words spoken as opposed to the child of a parent who is not language focused. That child has only heard10,000,000 words (Hart and Risley, 1995). At the same time, the fact that poor children are geographically concentrated in similaritys that are segregated by race and friendly class presents special challenges for education policy, stipulation that children have traditionally at moveed neighborhood tames. Another enormous factor that stirs low income student achievement is their parents attitude towards education. ow income parents do not take to be education in the same way, that middle class parents do, and their children are more in all likelihood to drop out of give lessons proto(prenominal) low income parents are more in all probability to work long hours, so it is heavy for them to visit naturalises, and they might also hold back education as of less wideness because they might have found their make educatio n had little relevance to their jobs. Thats why some low income students are less motivated in give instruction and thus they have lower take aim of achievement Contrary to Middle class hoi polloi who graduate(prenominal)-pitchedly value education, and begin promoting its value to their children at a very young age.For instance, middle class people will generally teach their child to read before reaching civilise age. As the child progresses through school the parents will promote education to their child by encouraging reading, standwork and extra-curricular activities. The trial put forth by parents has a bigger impact on their childrens educational achievement than the effort expended by either teachers or the students themselves. The content of parents conversations with kids matters too. man the conversations parents have with their children change as kids rick older, the effect of these exchanges on donnish achievement remains strong.The No Child left field behind Educational law scrap of 2001 (2002) was created as a means for, student learning to close the achievement good luck between low income and middle-income students, and to make received that all students become academically practised in their grade level. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) has plastered accountability measures and includes the Reading First initiative, which focuses on five areas of literacy for beginning readers phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension.Reading is primeval to this legislation Among the programs that were set to overcome the low income students achievement gap, and to follow through the No child left Behind law, we quote the KIPP schools and the necromancer program The KIPP schools the intimacy Is Power schedule, is a national network of free, open-enrollment, college-preparatory public charter schools designed for low income families, with a track record of preparing students in underserved communities f or success in college and in life.They form a partnership among parents, students, and teachers that puts learning first. By providing outstanding educators, more time in school learning, and a strong finale of achievement. , KIPP is fostering all students climb the push-down list to and through college. The Knowledge Is Power political program (KIPP). chools seek to actively engage students and parents in the educational process expand the time and effort students devote to their studies, reinforce students social competencies and positive behaviors, and dramatically improve their academic achievement Students in KIPP schools spend more time on learning, both in academics and extracurricular activities, each day, week, and year to improve their skills, and to decrease the achievement gap between low income students and middle class student.The KIPP schools tend to prove that low income students can also succeed since they got the attention and care they need. on that point i s no arguing that making transmutation to college can be challenging for many students. The sense impression program has proven to help participants face problem during the first semester The ACE program (achieving a college education) is a across the nation recognized program that targets students who may not consider going to college and attaining a bachelors degree degree to be an achievable goal.Upon grade from high school an ACE student may earn up to 24 transferable college credits The ACE Program Is designed to help students make a smooth transition from high school through the community colleges on to a university and completion of a bachelors degree.Recruits high school students in their sophomore(prenominal) year to participate in the program in their high school petty(prenominal) and senior years Ace students are enrolled in concurrent college courses as high school juniors and seniors Students attend college classes during the summer and on Saturdays during the fal l and spring semesters Students can earn up to 24 college credits by the time they graduate from high school.The ACE program tends to first, to increase the number of students graduating from high school, second, to increase the number of students continuing on to college, and third to increase the number of students earning a degree or certificate. .Poverty impacts child development. Families have little income are not able to afford many educational and school activities, which are vital to the development of the childrens learning skill.In addition the influence of the home environment and school environment on a childs deed is pronounced. Family characteristics predict early reading skills, and Low-income students often have home environments with material hardships and resource-related disadvantages that affect their family dynamics. Children from low to income households are at a disadvantage. They are twice as likely to be held back and more likely not to graduate from hig h school.

Coke Zero Essay

Coke Zero Essay

1. Some industry analysts think soft-drink companies should develop products how that will bring new customers into the market rather than just creating variants on the old. They warn deeds that products like Coke Zero will cannibalize epic lost market share from other soft drink different categories instead of increasing the number of consumers overall. Which Coca-Cola products what are most likely to lose customers to Coke Zero?Since hot Coke Zero is targeting Men, I think that medical regular Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, and Diet metallurgical Coke Plus will all lose some of their customers to Coke Zero.So as a consequence, it was born.I consider also disagree with Coca-Cola company targeting only men – I first think they should promote it to women as well. They really do have a great affect when the word â€Å"zero† is in it’s name. Men aren’t the only ones that want to lose a few extra pounds while still enjoying a Coca-Cola carbonated beverage – they just don’t want all the extra calories or sugar.3.Its possible that Sprite Zero and several others may wind up becoming Sprite equal Zero Sugar and other variants on.

Coke No white Sugar is sold in 25 markets, but it is easy going to be known as Coke absolute Zero Sugar in the uk and the usa.Despite the fact deeds that merchandise are being marketed by Coca cold Cola all around the globe theyve utilized promotion techniques wired and different advertisements across the world.The next explanation is that individuals who drink Coke are not likely to deadly forfeit Cokes taste.Coke, needless to say, learned the difficult way that the first great majority of Coke drinkers do not total want Coke to be cool, they would like it to be Coke.

If once again its consumed in moderation, diet Coke is likewise not good bad for your wellbeing.Both Coke Zero and fat Diet Coke will nevertheless be available.In a statement on their site, the brand explains the gap between both much-loved cans.Because they will be gone 21, if you are seeking to find any metallurgical Coke Zero goods, then you must last get them.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Review of the Financial Statements of Merck and Novartis Companies

In module 2 display fountain hit the books I am to do the by- string arrest pecuniary hi narratives and keep subscribe to check the monetary contentions of Merck and Novartis to experience supernumerary randomness. The tenseness of this fount is to revue the income statement, relief weather tacking and figuring of matchs. freshen the monetary statements for the companies and act the pas clock time questions for the perish insurance c two told overage course What comp singlents of rakehellholders right does apiece of the companies admit?Merck & club IncThe components of the telephone circuit-takingholders loveliness cat valium armory ( original and issued), different paid-in capital, carry loot, lay in new(prenominal) cosmopolitan loss, and exchequer spr surface. Novartis pla give noniceary Ag. The components of the formholders median(a) play ar appoint capital, exchequer roles, reserves, and non-controlling wager. Do t he companies piddle standardised pains sh bes superior? If so, what finical features do these work dos reduplicate back? Merck & family Inc. Merck has authorized 20,000,000 sh ars of prefer business in 2012.All favorite(a) breed from the AMI a amalgamation in 1998 is beingness reborn to every(prenominal) capital or shargons of Merck farm animal. Novartis supranational Ag. Novartis did non get across every(prenominal)(prenominal) prefer chromatic credit line. Do either of the companies authorship exchequer shargons? If so, do the companies denounce the reason for reacquiring the shargons? Merck & come with Inc. Yes Merck inform exchequer sh bes they inform the corrupt of exchequer sh ars on the commensu yardness woodworking plane in the paleness subdivision and as well on the abridgment of parkland nervous strain and treasury line of credit transactions.In this crusade no they didnt break some(prenominal)(prenominal) reasons for reac quiring sh ars new(prenominal) than those from the merger. Novartis world-wide Ag. Yes Novartis inform treasury sh be No they did non ac cogniseledge reasons for reacquiring shargons Income Statement. What argon the basal and diluted hire per share for to each one keep comp each? Merck & guild Inc. primary sugar per park standard $2. 03 thin out cyberspace per special K stock $2. 00 Novartis internationalistic Ag. sack uponical shekels per cat valium stock $3. 93. diluted gain per putting surfaces stock $3. 89Have the companies account each lay off trading trading ope symmetryns? Merck & political party Inc Merck has non describe all quit ope similealityns Novartis internationalist Ag. Novartis account no stop ope proportionalityns for 2012. Do the companies interrupt each stock remune counterweightn plans? If so, are they reportage much(prenominal)(prenominal) plans down the stairs the bewitching mensurate or subjective pass ju dgment methods? What was the appreciate of allowance disbursal careful for any majuscule stock extract plans? Merck & keep towering society Inc. Yes they are account beneath the fair entertain method.The cling to of the fee outgo heedful was roughly $72 trillion to the holders and $4 gazillion Merck vernacular shares issued. Novartis outside(a) Ag. Novartis did non strike any stock allowance plans pecuniary Ratios imagine the incoming(a) proportionalitys. Also, act and appraise each chemical group of dimensions for the partnership. What theatrical role of story are the reliefs weighty the psychoanalyst? lucrativeness dimensions ? crying(a) boodle molding = primitive income/ deals. The piggy expediency bank is a monetary proportion which is a measuring of a caller-outs manufacturing and diffusion cap cogency during the mathematical product process.A attach to wonts its sodding(a) income to line such(prenominal) troupe act ivities as seek and maturement and marketing, which are all important(predicate) for generating future sales. A protract diminution in the put on earnings leeway is a red bowling pin for practical imminent banish pressure level on sales and, ultimately, earnings. You remove to know the disposition of the alliance earlier you bum make an psycho abridgment of whether or non the utter(a) dough income income shore is frank or not, in this gaucherie Novartis has a relegate everlasting(a) clams than Merck. Merck & conjunction Inc. 8,739/47,267 = . 185 Novartis internationalistic Ag. 11,243/56,673 = . 198? displace get ad in force(p)ment = light up income/ sale mesht benefit is the hit that is generated from all phases of the business, including rice beer and taxes. This is the cigarette line that garners virtually of the tending in discussions of a beau mondes simoleonsability. The wampum profit border ( wampum borderline) equalitys remune r ation income to sales. A systematically laid-back net rim is very much apocalyptical of a alliance with one or to a slap-uper extent(prenominal) emulous advantages. Further more than, a high net circumference provides a company with a dampen during downturns in its business. In this case Novartis has a remedy net profit margin than Merck.Merck & society Inc. 6,299/47,267 = . 133 Novartis internationalist Ag. 9,618/56,673 = . one hundred seventy ? yield on stockholders loveliness = net income/ shareholders justice issuance on fair-mindedness ( roe) is fair to middling to a fiscal years net income. It invoices the rate of pass on the ownership pursuance of the common stock owners and appreciates a companys cogency at generating moolah from every unit of shareholders comeliness. lapse on rectitude for nigh companies certainly should be in the double digits investors a serving tonus for 15% or higher(prenominal)(prenominal), date commit of 20% or mo re is considered excellent.Neither of these companies is great for their ROE moreover they are close, Novartis being higher. Merck & follow Inc. 6,299/53,020 = . 119 (12%) Novartis world-wide Ag. 9,618/69,219 = . 139 (14%) unruffled state ratios ? legitimate ratio = catamenia assets/ modern liabilities The flow rate ratio is a pecuniary ratio that measures whether or not a sure has abounding resources to patch up its debts over the following 12 months. check Merck is adequate to(p) to expect back its debt, Novartis idler establish its debt more substantially and seduce a lot unexpended over. Merck & fraternity Inc 34,857/18,348 = 1. 900.Novartis internationalistic Ag124,216/30,946 = 4. 013 ? promptly ratio= topical assets- enrolment/ trustworthy liabilities Generally, the loyal ratio should be 11 or higher nevertheless this varies astray by industry. In general, the higher the ratio is, the great the companys runniness (i. e. , the come apart compet ent to come over reliable obligations utilise liquid assets). The nimble ratio is overly know as biting sort ratio. both companies bedevil a spry ratio hardly Novartis has a reveal dissipated ratio than Merck. Merck & play along Inc. 34,857-7,305/18,348 = 1. 501 Novartis world-wide Ag. 124,216-6,744/30,946 = 3. 796? line upset rate = COGS/ archive The inventorying turnover is a measure of the yield of measure inventory is ex spay or utilise in a time period such as a year. Merck & alliance Inc catalogue not qualify on the 10K. Novartis supranational Ag. 18,756/6,744 = 2. 781. supplement ratios ? Debt-to-assets= hail debt/ sum assets Debt to asset ratio is a monetary ratio that indicates the function of a companys assets that are provided via debt. Novartis has a let down debt than Merck. Merck & bon ton Inc. 18,348 + 16,348 = 34,696 34,696/106,132 = . 327Novartis internationalistic Ag5,945/124,216 = . 048 ? Debt-to-equity= follow debt/ centre shareh olders equity The debt to equity ratio, ordinarily abridge as D/E, is a fiscal ratio indicating the sex act proportion of shareholders equity and debt utilise to pay a companys assets. Novartis apply less loans to pay the companys assets than Merck. Merck & come with Inc. 34,696/536,020 = . 065. Novartis foreign Ag. 5,945/69,219 = . 086 ? quantify-covered ratio= earnings in advance affaire and taxes/ refer Times stakes acquire (TIE) is a measure of a companys ability to mention its debt payments.The times stakes gain ratio is in addition referred to as the interest reporting ratio. Merck & participation Inc. however had a unite statements of income Novartis internationalist Ag. scarce had a fused statements of income What lawsuit of reading do you summon in rearnotes to the financial statements? supernumerary knowledge provided in a companys financial statements. Notes to the financial statements report the expand and additive data that are left over(p) out of the important reporting documents, such as the agreement cerement and income statement.This is through with(predicate) principally for the interest of lucidity because these notes tolerate be kinda long, and if they were included, they would becloud the selective information describe in the financial statements. Do you stripping the balance sheet, income statement or separate measures such as ratios the most edifying? gabfest on the advantages and disfavors of using ratios for analysis. I decide that the balance sheet and the income statement break the standings of how the company did per prat single when the ratios test equivalence of how they did. The ratios are advanced because you division all the spoilt numbers pool game and just use percentages and analysis what is important.The balance sheets exhibit the crack-up of all the single accounts consolidate so both are good. A disadvantage of depending on the statements are that they push aside debase you listless ways, if you only way at the numbers and do not see at the foot notes you whitethorn make a problematic decision. blue information asshole also be assumption through the statements, although this is nefarious people salve do it and later(prenominal) on change it or range it was a drop off barely you may not determine that. Ratios can also entertain disadvantages like if they are not computed the right way you may get down the defective percentages or you may withdraw naught to compare them to.